Buckingham Palace: The home of the British monarchy

Buckingham Palace is one of the most famous buildings in the world, serving as the official London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom since 1837. More than just a royal home, it's a living symbol of British history and tradition.

What goes on at Buckingham Palace?

Guards on horseback in ceremonial attire outside Buckingham Palace, London.

Royal events and ceremonies

Buckingham Palace is the focal point for many of the UK's most significant state occasions. The Changing the Guard is a popular public spectacle. The palace also hosts State Banquets for visiting Heads of State and Investitures to honor individuals for their contributions. The monarch's official birthday, Trooping the Colour, involves a parade to and from the palace.

Buckingham Palace garden event with guests, related to the Changing of the Guard tour.

Administrative hub

The Palace serves as the day-to-day working headquarters of the monarchy. The offices of those who support the activities and duties of The King and The Queen, such as the Private Secretary’s Office and the Privy Purse and Treasurer’s Office, are located there. More than 50,000 guests visit the Palace each year for various receptions and Garden Parties.

Union Jack flag flying above Buckingham Palace with golden fence in foreground.

The Royal Family at Buckingham Palace

While Buckingham Palace is seen as the administrative hub of the Monarchy, it is also very much a family home. Queen Elizabeth II gave birth to King Charles III and Prince Andrew at the Palace, and to this day, notice of royal births and deaths is still attached to the front railings for members of the public to read. The christenings of The King, The Princess Royal, The Duke of York, and The Prince of Wales took place in the Music Room, and many Royal Weddings have been celebrated at Buckingham Palace, most recently The Prince and Princess of Wales’s.

The current Royal Family

  • The King, Charles III: Following the long and historic reign of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, King Charles III ascended to the throne in 2022. He is the Head of the Commonwealth and the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
  • The Queen, Camilla: Queen Camilla is the consort of King Charles III. She supports The King in his duties and undertakes her own public engagements and charitable work.
  • The Prince and Princess of Wales: Prince William, as the heir to the throne, and his wife, Catherine, play a central role in the monarchy. They are parents to Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis, who are next in the line of succession.
  • Other working royals: Other members of the family, such as The Princess Royal (Princess Anne) and the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh (Prince Edward and Sophie), carry out important official duties and support The King.

More about the Royals

King Charles III

Born on November 14, 1948, at Buckingham Palace, King Charles III became The King on September 8, 2022, following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. As the sovereign's eldest son, he became heir apparent at the age of three in 1952. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer, and they had two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. The marriage was dissolved in 1996. In 2005, he married Camilla Parker Bowles, who is now Queen Camilla.

Queen Camilla

Born on July 17, 1947, Queen Camilla (formerly The Duchess of Cornwall) is the daughter of Major Bruce Shand and Rosalind Cubitt. On April 9, 2005, she married the then-Prince of Wales. Before her marriage to King Charles III, she was married to Brigadier Andrew Parker Bowles, with whom she has two children. Upon King Charles’ accession to the throne in 2022, she became Queen Consort and is now known as Queen Camilla. The Queen supports her husband, The King, in his official duties and undertakes her own public engagements.

The Prince of Wales

The Prince of Wales, William, is the heir to the British throne. He is the eldest son of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales. He is married to Catherine, The Princess of Wales, and they have three children: Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. Prince William performs public duties in support of The King both in the UK and overseas. He served in the British Armed Forces for over seven years and continues to focus on the welfare of armed forces personnel.

The Princess of Wales

Born Catherine Elizabeth Middleton, she married The Prince of Wales, William, at Westminster Abbey in 2011. They have three children: Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. As well as supporting the monarch with royal duties in the UK and overseas, she focuses her work on a number of charitable causes. In 2021, she launched The Royal Foundation Centre for Early Childhood to drive awareness and action in this area. She also spearheads the "Heads Together" campaign with her husband.

The Princess Royal

Known for her exceptionally busy schedule, The Princess Royal, Princess Anne, is considered the hardest-working member of the Royal Family. She began her public duties at the age of 18 and has since been involved with over 300 charities and organizations, both in the UK and overseas. An accomplished horsewoman, Princess Anne was the first member of the Royal Family to compete in the Olympics, representing Great Britain in the equestrian three-day event at the 1976 Montreal Games.

The Duke and Duchess of Sussex

The Duke of Sussex, Prince Harry, is the younger son of King Charles III and the late Diana, Princess of Wales. He served in the British Armed Forces for 10 years, including two tours of duty in Afghanistan. He is the founder of the Invictus Games, an international adaptive sporting event for wounded, injured, and sick servicemen and women. The Duchess of Sussex, Meghan, is a former American actress known for her role in the television series Suits. In 2020, The Duke and Duchess of Sussex stepped back as working members of the Royal Family. They married in 2018 and have two children, Prince Archie and Princess Lilibet of Sussex.

The Duke of Edinburgh

Prince Edward, The Duke of Edinburgh, supports the monarchy through a busy schedule of official duties, alongside his wife, The Duchess of Edinburgh. The Duke of Edinburgh has a long-standing involvement with The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, a youth program founded by his father, Prince Philip, in 1956. The Duke's work also focuses on causes related to the arts, youth development, and sport.

The Duchess of Edinburgh

The Duchess of Edinburgh, Sophie, is a full-time working member of the Royal Family, dedicating her time to supporting The King and her own extensive list of patronages. She is Patron of over 70 charities and organizations, with a focus on gender equality & women's rights, avoidable blindness, and support for people with disabilities. She also holds several honorary military appointments.

The Duke of Gloucester

Prince Richard, The Duke of Gloucester, is the late Queen Elizabeth II's cousin and a full-time working member of the Royal Family. He carries out a significant number of public duties in support of King Charles III and his role as Head of State. He is associated with over 150 charities and organizations, with a particular interest in architecture and conservation.

The Duchess of Gloucester

The Duchess of Gloucester, Birgitte, is a full-time working member of the Royal Family. Married to Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, she supports The King and her husband in their duties. The Duchess is connected with over 60 organizations, and her work focuses on a wide range of areas, including the arts, sport, health, education, and the military. She travels extensively across the UK and overseas to carry out engagements on behalf of the Crown and her patronages.

The Duke of Kent

Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent, is a first cousin of the late Queen Elizabeth II and has been a working member of the Royal Family since 1976. He is involved with over 140 charities and organizations, with a strong focus on commemorating the war dead. The Duke is also well-known for his role as President of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, a position he held for over 50 years until he stepped down in 2021. He also previously served as Vice Chairman of British Trade International.

Princess Alexandra

Princess Alexandra is a first cousin of the late Queen Elizabeth II and a working member of the Royal Family. She has dedicated her life to public service, supporting numerous charities and organizations as a Patron or President. She has a strong interest in medical and welfare causes, especially cancer research, mental health, and palliative care. She also represented Queen Elizabeth II on official overseas visits, including the Nigerian Independence celebrations in 1960.

Previous royal residents of Buckingham Palace

  • Queen Victoria: The first sovereign to rule from the palace in 1837. With her husband, Prince Albert, she transformed the Palace into a lively hub for family, entertainment, and official business. After Albert's death in 1861, she was often absent from the Palace, which began to look neglected by the end of her reign.
  • King Edward VII: Determined to revive the Palace's social life, King Edward VII and his consort, Queen Alexandra, made the Palace the focus of fashionable London society during his short reign (1901–1910).
  • King George V: His wife, Queen Mary, was instrumental in restoring the Palace's interiors, returning its Regency character. The Palace was the centre of national celebrations for his Silver Jubilee in 1935.
  • King George VI: He and his family remained at Buckingham Palace during World War II, even after parts of the Palace were damaged by bombing raids. Their presence was a powerful symbol of resistance and solidarity for the British people.
  • Queen Elizabeth II: As the longest-reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II made the Palace the working headquarters of the monarchy. She and Prince Philip lived in the private apartments, while other Royal Family members had apartments on the upper floors. Much of the ground floor and the south wing was used by the staff of the Royal Household.

History explained: A house transformed into a palace

Buckingham Palace gates, London, featured on the Royal Walking Tour.

The building you see today began its life in 1703 as a large townhouse for the Duke of Buckingham: John Sheffield. It was purchased by King George III in 1761 for his wife, Queen Charlotte, and was known as "The Queen's House."

It wasn't until the 1820s, under the direction of King George IV, that the building was transformed into a grand palace. Architect John Nash oversaw the major reconstruction, adding three new wings around a central courtyard.

In 1837, Queen Victoria became the first sovereign to make Buckingham Palace her official London residence. The Palace has since been the setting for countless historical events, including celebrations and ceremonies, as well as being bombed during World War II.

Visiting Buckingham Palace

The Palace is not open to the public year-round. You can visit the State Rooms during the summer opening (usually July to September) and on select dates in the spring and winter. Tickets to The King’s Gallery and the Royal Mews are also available at different times throughout the year.

One of the most popular attractions is the Changing the Guard ceremony, which takes place in the Palace's forecourt. It is a spectacular display of military pageantry and tradition.

Inside the Palace

Buckingham Palace state room interior with chandeliers and ornate red decor.
Artworks and ornate furniture inside the Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace.
Gardens with colorful flowers in front of Buckingham Palace, London.
Royal guard in ceremonial uniform with decorated horse in London.
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The State Rooms

The most famous rooms are used for official and ceremonial events. The Throne Room is a focal point, used for formal ceremonies and official photographs. The largest room, the Ballroom, is used for state banquets and formal receptions.

The Royal Collection

The Palace is home to a vast and priceless collection of art, including works by masters such as Rembrandt and Vermeer, as well as historic sculptures and fine furniture. Many of these items are displayed in The King’s Gallery, which is open to the public.

The Garden

Behind the Palace lies a 39-acre private garden, the largest in London. It features a lake, a tennis court, and a helipad, and is the venue for the monarch's annual Garden Parties.

The Royal Mews

Located on the grounds, the Royal Mews are the royal stables. They house the historic State Coaches, including the Gold State Coach, used for coronations, as well as the modern vehicles used for royal transportation.

Buckingham Palace today: A working palace

Today, Buckingham Palace is a working building and the centerpiece of the UK’s constitutional monarchy. It serves as the venue for numerous royal events and ceremonies, from entertaining foreign Heads of State to celebrating achievements at Investitures and receptions.

More than 50,000 people visit the Palace each year as guests at State Banquets, lunches, dinners, receptions, and Garden Parties. King Charles III also holds weekly audiences with the Prime Minister and receives newly-appointed foreign Ambassadors at Buckingham Palace.

Frequently Asked Questions about Buckingham Palace and the Royal Family

Who currently resides at Buckingham Palace?

The Palace remains the administrative headquarters of the British monarch. While it is the official residence for the Sovereign, King Charles III and Queen Camilla do not currently reside there. Their primary London residence is Clarence House. The actual living arrangements involve a rotation of junior royal family members and senior staff.

Do the Royals own Buckingham Palace?

Despite the Palace serving as an important space for the Royal Family, The King does not, in fact, privately own the residence. It is instead held in trust by the Crown Estates.

When does the monarch typically visit or stay at Buckingham Palace?

The King and The Queen Consort use the Palace primarily for official duties and state occasions. While it is not an everyday residence, strategic visits and ceremonial functions occur regularly throughout the year.

What is the significance of the Royal Family's presence at Buckingham Palace?

The Royal Family’s presence at Buckingham Palace symbolizes continuity and national identity. It serves as the backdrop for key state events and public celebrations that reinforce the monarchy’s longstanding role in British society.

How has Buckingham Palace been used over the years?

Buckingham Palace began as a private residence in the early 18th century and became the official royal home in 1837 under Queen Victoria. Over time, it has served both as a family home and a venue for state functions, public ceremonies, and diplomatic events.

What are some interesting facts about the Royal Family's activities at Buckingham Palace?

Notable facts include the Palace’s secret service role during wartime, as the Palace remained a working residence during the Blitz and was a symbol of resistance, its eclectic mix of art collections, and the ongoing restoration projects that preserve its historic grandeur while integrating modern comforts.

What are the major royal events held at Buckingham Palace?

Major events include the Changing the Guard, state banquets, and various receptions. The monarch's official birthday celebration, Trooping the Colour, involves a parade to and from the palace, but the key ceremony takes place on Horse Guards Parade nearby. These ceremonies punctuate the annual calendar and are steeped in centuries-old traditions.

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