How old is the Tower of London?

The Tower of London is over nine centuries old.

Why is it called the "Tower of London"?

The term "Tower of London" refers to the entire historic complex, but it specifically highlights the central structure known as the White Tower, which serves as the site's iconic symbol.

When was the first recorded execution at the Tower?

The first recorded execution at the Tower of London took place in 1483 when William Hastings was executed. However, it's important to note that many executions had occurred at the Tower prior to this event.

How many executions took place at the Tower?

Approximately 22 executions have been documented within the Tower of London, with Anne Boleyn's execution on May 19, 1536, standing out as one of the most notable events in its history.

When did the Tower stop being used as a prison?

The Tower of London ceased to be used as a prison after 1952, marking the end of its role in incarceration.

What happened to the Crown Jewels during WWII?

During World War II, the Crown Jewels were concealed for safekeeping to shield them from potential bombings. This precaution ensured that these priceless symbols of British heritage remained protected amid the turmoil of war.

How has the Tower’s function changed over time?

Originally constructed as a formidable fortress and royal residence, the Tower of London has undergone significant transformations throughout its history. It later served as a prison and treasury, reflecting its evolving role in British governance.

Tower of London History | A Complete Breakdown

Tower of London timeline

1066: William the Conqueror invades England, claiming the throne and initiating the construction of a fortress on the River Thames, which becomes the Tower of London.
1078-1100: The White Tower is built to showcase Norman military architecture and serve as a royal residence.
1190-1200: The Bell Tower is added to the southwest corner, enhancing the Tower's defenses.
1240: Stained glass windows are installed in the Chapel of St. John, which significantly enhances this important religious space within the Tower.
1296-1299: John Balliol, King of Scotland, is imprisoned in the Tower by Edward I, illustrating its role as a political prison for high-profile figures.
1536: Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII, is executed at the Tower, symbolizing its history as a site of royal executions.
1696-1699: Isaac Newton served as Warden and later Master of the Royal Mint at the Tower.
1914-1916: The Tower serves as a site for executing German spies during World War I.
1952: The Crown Jewels are moved to the Jewel House, a more secure and publicly accessible location within the Tower.
1967: The new Jewel House is opened, specifically designed to showcase the Crown Jewels with improved security and viewing conditions.
1974: A bomb explodes in the White Tower, causing some damage.
1988: The Tower of London is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its historical importance and preserving it for future generations.
1988-Present: Continuous conservation and restoration projects are undertaken to maintain the Tower's architecture and ensure its preservation for future generations. The Tower remains a major tourist attraction, hosting millions of visitors annually and playing a significant role in national celebrations and ceremonies.

History of the Tower of London explained

1066: Initiation of the Tower of London

Following his victory, William the Conqueror strategically chose the Thames riverside for a powerful fortress, marking the genesis of the Tower of London as a symbol of Norman control.

1078-1100: Construction of the White Tower

Under William's direction, the White Tower, a 90-foot structure, was built from Caen stone and Kentish ragstone. It housed royal residences, a military stronghold, and the Chapel of St. John.

1190-1200: Addition of Bell Tower

The Bell Tower (later the Bowyer Tower) was constructed at the southwest corner, providing an elevated vantage point for archers and a belfry. It also served as prisoner accommodation and gunpowder storage.

1240: Installation of stained glass windows

The installation of stained glass windows in the Chapel of St. John transformed the space. Depictions of biblical scenes underscored its role as a royal place of worship and a symbol of the monarchy's divine authority.

1296-1299: Imprisonment of John Balliol

The imprisonment of John Balliol, King of Scotland, by Edward I highlights the Tower's function as a high-security political prison for defeated rulers during a period of intense Anglo-Scottish conflict.

1536: Execution of Anne Boleyn

The execution of Queen Anne Boleyn on Tower Green, accused of treason, remains a poignant event. Her fate within the Tower's walls illustrates the volatile nature of Tudor court politics and the monarch's absolute power.

1696-1699: Newton’s monetary reforms

Isaac Newton's tenure as Master of the Royal Mint marked economic reform. His implementation of the Great Recoinage and introduction of machine-minted coins aimed to combat counterfeiting.

1914-1916: Tower's role in national security

During World War I, the Tower served as a location for the execution of German spies, including one of the most notorious ones, Carl Hans Lody. This role emphasized the Tower's continued importance to national security.

1988: Designation as a UNESCO Site

The Tower of London's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site acknowledged its historical significance, its influential Norman and later military architecture, and its enduring place as a key British landmark.

Construction of the Tower of London

Construction of the Tower of London began in 1066, shortly after William the Conqueror triumphed at Hastings. He commissioned the White Tower in 1078 to solidify his power, built from durable Caen stone to represent authority. Designed by Gundulf, it included thick walls and arrow slits for defense. Over the centuries, it expanded into a complex fortress, combining military might with royal prestige, capturing the imagination of all who come to visit the Tower.

The Tower of London today

The Tower of London stands proudly today as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting more than three million curious visitors yearly! Once a royal palace and prison, this historic fortress, built by William the Conqueror, now boasts treasures like the Crown Jewels and the captivating White Tower. Guided by the charming "Beefeaters," you can now experience history firsthand while witnessing living traditions, such as the Opening Ceremony, ensuring its legacy lives on!